How design, data and AI shaped Google’s Noto 3D emoji

The way we use emoji has changed. In the early days, we were literal: You sent a nail polish emoji (💅) because you were, in fact, getting your nails polished.

Today we lean on emoji to break down the barrier of our screens and inject a shrug, a wink or that highly specific “it’s fine but it’s actually not fine” subtext. They’re the language within the language that keeps a blunt message from accidentally killing the vibe.

On World Emoji Day, here’s a closer look at the evolution of our emoji (all 3,977 characters) and how they can add physical and emotional depth to how we communicate in the modern era.

Expression keeps evolving

We don’t just “laugh” anymore. We collapse, or internally scream. Modern internet culture has steadily moved from mild expressions to drama, hyperbole and overwhelm.

For years, “face with tears of joy” (😂) was the undisputed emoji king, according to Gboard Federated Analytics. But following a multi-year decline, it slipped down the charts by 2025.

Why? Because 😭 is a masterclass in modern vocabulary: It’s hilarious, it’s devastating and it captures absolute overwhelm. When we do laugh, our inclination for hyperbole demands it be unhinged, pushing “rolling on the floor laughing” (🤣) to the top of the chart. Even our expressions for heartbreak are shifting; data show a poetic migration in popularity from the broken heart (💔) toward the wilted flower (🥀).

Art informs innovation

This update brings our favorite emoji into a 3D future rather than leaving them behind. The brain processes emoji faster than text, so you can’t just slap on a design and call it a day. Touching something that billions of people use trillions of times a day requires more nuance.

Our emoji have always favored expression over hyper-realism and in this new 3D world it means our designs can have dimension without being photorealistic. They need a pulse and a soul — not the cold precision of industrial CAD models. Have you looked closely at a real kangaroo? They’re terrifying 🙀. We don’t need anatomical perfection. With the power of illustration, we can capture the true, playful vibe of a kangaroo.

We also ran large-scale user studies to evaluate how changing emoji could potentially mess with human connection. The research unmasked universal truths: Users overwhelmingly prefer full-body animals over floating heads; adding props hurts comprehension; and tiny tweaks (like swapping the direction of a wink) can turn mild confusion into accidental outrage.

While our design process still begins with 2D drawings, it no longer ends there. In an industry first, Noto Emoji 3D is entirely available as true 3D models.

Moving from flat pixels to a three-dimensional world forced us to resolve architectural questions we’d never considered. What does the back of a smiley face look like? Is it a concave mask, a solid bouncy ball or a flat piece of paper?