The origins of the word “hello” are 600 years old

Hello all over the world

While English has settled on “hello” as the usual greeting, other languages ​​have formulated their own. Some have been influenced by the English language, others have developed independently – yet each carries a distinct cultural flavour, referring to the social norms and stereotypes we have about the people who use them.

In Germanic and Scandinavian languages, for example, the words “hallo” and “hallå” are phonetically more difficult and feel more efficient and simple than the lyrical, almost poetic quality of “hola” and “olá,” favored by Romance languages ​​associated with more streamlined stereotypes. Elsewhere, some greetings carry traces of national history: from the Dutch-derived Afrikaans “hallo” to the Tetum “óla”, a reminder of Portuguese influence in East Timor. Many of these words seem to function as an introduction and Identity mark. But, says Professor Duranty, it’s not that simple.

He told the BBC: “It’s difficult to go straight from using a specific greeting to a national figure, even if it’s tempting.” Duranti suggests that alternative or secondary greetings may provide better clues. “In English, given the common use of the phrase ‘How are you?’ there is an obvious concern for people’s well-being.” He adds that in some Polynesian societies, greetings are less about a literal “hello” and more about checking in on someone’s plans or movements — literally asking “Where are you going?” Meanwhile, Greek uses “Γειά σου” (pronounced “yah-soo”) as a typical informal greeting, offering a wish for health rather than a simple salutation. It is also suitable for use in “goodbye”.

Serenity Stroll/BBC

Other languages ​​also turn abstract concepts into multi-purpose greetings that serve as “hello” and “goodbye.” The word “Ciao” comes from a Venetian dialect phrase meaning “at your service,” and the French word “salut” is an informal expression used for both company greetings and parting. Likewise, the Hawaiian word “aloha” can express affection or compassion, and the Hebrew word “shalom” is peace or wholeness. However, as Duranty cautions, even these evocative examples should not be seen as conclusive indicators of national character.